The potential for emergence of antibiotic-resistant organisms in animal and human populations from the widespread use of antibiotics in food animals But what are the criteria for deciding whether newly developed antibiotics can or should be used for therapeutic or subtherapeutic treatment in livestock? Given the lack of information and consensus on the appropriate data needed to accurately assess the magnitude of risk to human health in agricultural use of antibiotics, what are the assurances that safeguard humans, animals, and the environment upon whom all medical, veterinary, and animal production drug practices have an effect? Recently, however, modifications in the drug law authorized by Congress legalized and expanded extra-label use of many human drugs for therapeutic purposes in livestock under the supervision of a responsible veterinarian (see Chapter 4). Depending on the circumstances, this practice could be considered illegal under the provisions of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) law governing extra-label use of nonveterinary drugs.
In the past, a veterinarian might have treated a calf with a preparation specified for human use. With human health as the standard for all health-related decisions, the cost of developing new medications for human use is of limited consideration, and the development and use of new antibiotics are largely reserved for clinically diagnosable human infections. However, access to and choices of antibiotics are far greater if the infection develops in a child than if the calf develops a similar infection. The mechanism of action of an antibiotic is the same whether it is administered to a child or a calf.
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